Adaptación y validación argentina de la Cross Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale / Argentinean Adaptation and Validation of the Cross-Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale

Resumen El estudio de la confianza interpersonal es crucial para el desarrollo psicosocial humano. Se ha observado que, durante la niñez, favorece el comportamiento moral y prosocial, los vínculos de amistad, la competencia social, la experiencia de emociones positivas y el rendimiento académico, entre otros aspectos. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo adaptar y validar la Cross Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale (CCCTBS), a fin de poder evaluar este constructo en población argentina. La muestra incluyó 348 niños (51.2 % mujeres; 48.8 % varones), de entre 8 y 12 años de edad (m = 10.58; DE = 1.31), quienes completaron la CCCTBS y una escala de apego. Se consiguió una versión conceptual y semánticamente equivalente a la original, con buenas propiedades psicométricas. La escala argentina conserva el mismo número de ítems y replica el modelo operacional de partida, constituido por tres bases principales de la confianza: fiabilidad (α = .76; ω = .80), confianza emocional (α = .72; ω = .78) y honestidad (α = .78; ω = .83). Las puntuaciones de la CCCTBS correlacionaron positiva y significativamente con la medida de apego seguro, lo que aporta evidencias de su validez nomológica.

Abstract The study of interpersonal trust is crucial for human psychological development. It has been observed that it enhances moral and prosocial behavior during childhood, as well as friendship bonds, social competence, experience of positive emotions and academic performance, among others. This research aimed to adapt and validate the Cross-Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale (CCCTBS), to assess this construct in the Argentine population. The sample included 348 children (51.2 % female; 48.8 % male) aged 8 to 12 years (m = 10.58; SD = 1.31), who completed the CCCTBS and an attachment scale. A version, conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original was obtained, with good psychometric properties. The Argentine scale retains the same number of items and replicates the starting operational model, consisting of three main bases of trust: reliability (α = .76; ω = .80), emotional trust (α = .72; ω = .78) and honesty (α = .78; ω = .83). The CCCTBS scores correlated positively and significantly with the secure attachment measure, providing evidence of its nomological validity.

Measuring confidence in physician: Adaptation and validation of TPS in HIV individuals from Mexico / Evaluar confianza en el médico: Adaptación y validación del Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) en personas mexicanas que viven con VIH

Abstract Introduction Patient-physician relationship is associated with ART adherence and medical follow-up in people living with HIV (PLWH). Patient's trust in their doctor is a key component of patient-physician relationship, so adequate and reliable instruments to measure this component are important to evaluate its impact on health outcomes. Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties of a translated and adapted version of Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) in Mexican PLWH. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in PLWH. Scale was translated to Spanish and culturally adapted. Sociodemographic and TPS data were collected online due to COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis were carried out in two different samples. Results Data from 215 participants was used to EFA. Five items were eliminated due to low correlation with total scale. Final Cronbach's alpha was .93. A single-factor structure explained 68.8% of the variance. CFA in a sample of 140 participants confirmed adequate fit indices (χ2[7] = 13.015 p = .072, CFI = .997, RMSEA = .057, SMRS = .0015). Discussion and conclusion The final scale was unifactorial and it is made up of six items instead of 11. It seems to be a valid and reliable scale to measure patient's trust in doctors in Mexican PLWH. Further studies are recommended to provide evidence of convergent validity to the instrument.

Resumen Introducción La relación médico-paciente está asociada a la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral y al seguimiento médico en las personas que viven con VIH (PVVS). La confianza de los pacientes en sus médicos es un componente clave de la relación médico-paciente, por lo que es importante disponer de instrumentos adecuados y fiables para medir este componente y evaluar su impacto en los resultados de salud. Objetivo Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión traducida y adaptada de la Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) en PVVS mexicanas. Método Se realizó un estudio transversal en adultos con VIH. La escala fue traducida al español y adaptada culturalmente. Los datos sociodemográficos y de la TPS se recogieron en línea debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE) y confirmatorios (AFC) en dos muestras diferentes. Resultados Se utilizaron los datos de 215 participantes para el AFE. Se eliminaron cinco ítems debido a la baja correlación con la escala total. El alfa de Cronbach final fue de .93. Una estructura unifactorial explicó el 68.8% de la varianza. El AFC en una muestra de 140 participantes confirmó la adecuación del modelo mostrando índices de ajuste adecuados (χ2[7] = 13.015 p = .072, CFI = .997, RMSEA =.057, SMRS = .0015). Discusión y conclusión La escala final fue unifactorial y se compuso de seis ítems en lugar de 11. Parece ser una escala válida y fiable para medir la confianza del paciente en los médicos en PVVS mexicanas. Se recomiendan más estudios para buscar evidencia de validez convergente del instrumento.

Mediating role of generalized trust between attachment and depression in female adolescents with depression / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundCompared with male adolescents， depression among female adolescents is of higher prevalence and greater severity. The level of generalized trust correlates with the severity of depression， and attachment correlates with the level of generalized trust. Therefore， based on the mediating role of generalized trust between attachment and depression， this study explores the pathogenesis of depression in female adolescents. ObjectiveTo explore the mediating role of generalized trust between paternal， maternal and peer attachment and depression in female adolescents， so as to provide references for improving the depression of female adolescents. MethodsThis study included 73 female adolescents who met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition（ICD-10） as well as received outpatient and inpatient treatment in Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital between March 2022 and October 2022. Investigation was conducted by use of Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment （IPPA-R）， the Inclusive General Trust Scale （IGTS） and Children's Depression Inventory （CDI）. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between each scale score. The Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating role of generalized trust between attachment and depression. Results① CDI score in female adolescents with depression was negatively correlated with scores of paternal， maternal and peer attachment in IPPA-R （r=-0.463， -0.459， -0.447， P<0.01）. Scores of paternal， maternal and peer attachment in IPPA-R were positively correlated with IGTS score （r=0.372， 0.318， 0.395， P<0.01）. IGTS score was negatively correlated with CDI score （r=-0.531， P<0.01 ）. ②The test of mediating role showed that the direct effect of paternal， maternal and peer attachment on depression level was significant in female adolescents with depression （effect size=-0.138， -0.136， -0.107， 95% CI： -0.236~-0.039， -0.242~-0.029， -0.203~-0.012）. ③The mediating role of generalized trust between paternal， maternal peer attachment and depression level was significant （effect size=-0.069， -0.066， -0.071， 95% CI： -0.127~-0.021， -0.137~-0.010， -0.145~-0.018）. ConclusionPaternal， maternal and peer attachment can influence the depression level of female adolescents both directly and indirectly through the generalized trust.

Translation and validation of the Tagalog trust in ophthalmologist scale

Objective@#This study adapted and translated the Trust in Oncologist Scale (TiOS) into the Tagalog Trust in Ophthalmologist Scale (TTOS) and validated the latter.@*Methods@#The 18-item TiOS questionnaire was translated into Tagalog and validated in a cohort of 200 Filipino ophthalmology patients of a single institution. Internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliabilities were determined. Exploratory factor analyses were also performed.@*Results@#The TTOS showed high internal consistency with Cronbach alpha of 0.92, high reliability with Pearson's coefficient of 0.85, and high validity with Spearman’s coefficient of 0.67.@*Conclusion@#The TTOS is a valid and reliable tool to measure the level of trust of Filipino patients in their ophthalmologists.

A segurança como fator-chave para a cidade inteligente, a confiança dos cidadãos e o uso de tecnologias / La seguridad como factor clave para la ciudad inteligente, la confianza de los ciudadanos y el uso de las tecnologías / Security as a key factor for the smart city, citizens' trust, and the use of technologies

Resumo As cidades inteligentes vêm crescendo ao redor do mundo, impulsionadas por inovações tecnológicas. Com elas surgem diversas oportunidades, mas também novas ameaças à segurança e privacidade do usuário nessa realidade interconectada. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a percepção de segurança e confiança na tecnologia por parte dos cidadãos e como esta afeta a propensão ao seu uso e, consequentemente, à vida na cidade inteligente. Para tanto, conduziu-se um survey (n = 601), por meio do método PLS-SEM, para testar as hipóteses formuladas. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que o modelo proposto demonstra ser consistente. As relações "confiança e segurança subjetiva" e "segurança objetiva e privacidade de dados" obtiveram relações mais consistentes, assegurando a forte influência das barreiras "tangíveis" e "intangíveis" da percepção de segurança. Dessa forma, para obter e manter a confiança dos usuários, as instituições por trás da tecnologia precisam estar atentas à opinião deles e da sociedade, de forma a manter uma boa reputação para que possam, assim, perpetuar uma percepção positiva de segurança. Conclui-se, assim, que o conceito de segurança adquire uma nova dimensão no contexto da cidade inteligente por ser um componente crucial para toda a sua base e estar intimamente ligado à tecnologia, além de se apresentar como uma preocupação fundamental para os governos e as entidades que buscam implementar soluções e aplicações do conceito.

Resumen Las ciudades inteligentes están creciendo en todo el mundo, impulsadas por las innovaciones tecnológicas. Con ellas surgen diversas oportunidades, pero también nuevas amenazas a nuestra seguridad y privacidad en esta realidad interconectada. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la percepción de los ciudadanos sobre la seguridad y la confianza en las tecnologías y cómo afectan la propensión a usarlas y, en consecuencia, la vida en la ciudad inteligente. Para ello, se realizó una encuesta (n = 601) utilizando el método PLS-SEM para contrastar las hipótesis formuladas. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que el modelo propuesto resulta ser consistente. Las relaciones 'confianza y seguridad subjetiva' y 'seguridad objetiva y privacidad de datos' obtuvieron relaciones más consistentes, confirmando la fuerte influencia de las barreras 'tangibles' e 'intangibles' de la percepción de seguridad. De esta forma, para obtener y mantener la confianza de los usuarios, las instituciones que están detrás de las tecnologías deben estar atentas a su opinión y a la de la sociedad a los efectos de mantener una buena reputación, para que puedan, así, mantener una percepción positiva de la seguridad. Se concluye que el concepto de seguridad adquiere una nueva dimensión en el contexto de la ciudad inteligente, ya que es un componente crucial de toda su base, estrechamente vinculado a la tecnología además de presentarse como una preocupación fundamental para los gobiernos y entidades que buscan implementar soluciones conceptuales y aplicaciones.

Abstract Smart cities are growing around the world, driven by technological innovations. With them come several opportunities and new threats to our security and privacy in this interconnected reality. This study investigates citizens' perception of security and trust in technologies and how they affect the propensity to use them and, consequently, life in the smart city. Therefore, a survey was conducted (n = 601) using the PLS-SEM method to test the formulated hypotheses. The results obtained confirm that the proposed model proves to be consistent. The relationships between 'trust and subjective security' and 'objective security and data privacy' obtained stronger relationships, confirming the strong influence of the 'tangible' and 'intangible' barriers of the perception of security. Thus, to obtain and maintain users' trust, the institutions behind the technologies need to be attentive to the opinion of their users and society to keep a good reputation and a positive perception of security. The users' opinion is a crucial component of smart cities' entire base, closely linked to technology, and presents as a fundamental concern for governments and entities that seek to implement concept solutions and applications.

Ideologia, confiança institucional e representações sociais de universitários sobre o cenário político brasileiro de 2016-2017 / Ideology, institutional trust, and social representation of university students about the brazilian political scenery from 2016-2017 / Ideología, confianza institucional y representaciones sociales de universitarios sobre el escenario político brasileño de 2016-2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar um modelo teórico-explicativo para as representações sociais sobre o cenário sociopolítico brasileiro de 2017, de acordo com as seguintes relações: as representações seriam influenciadas diretamente pela confiança nas instituições, e essa confiança, determinada pelas simpatias ideológicas. Participaram 164 estudantes universitários - cuja idade média era 24 anos - que responderam a escalas intervalares. Realizaram-se modelagens de equações estruturais para testar o modelo teórico proposto. Os resultados indicaram: adequabilidade do modelo; dois grupos de variáveis apresentando relações positivas entre as variáveis do mesmo grupo e negativas na comparação intergrupos. No primeiro grupo constaram as variáveis: ideias-força de esquerda, confiança nos movimentos sociais, avaliação do governo Dilma e avaliação das políticas de esquerda; no segundo: ideias-força de direita, confiança nas instituições de controle, confiança na mídia, avaliação do governo Temer e avaliação das políticas de esquerda. Concluiu-se que a confiança institucional e a simpatia ideológica ancoravam as representações sociais do cenário brasileiro na população universitária estudada.(AU)

The aim of this study was to test an explanatory theoretical model about the social representations about Brazilian social-political scenario in 2017, based on the following relations: representations were directly influenced by the trust in institutions, and this trust, determined by ideological sympathies. A sample of 164 college students - whose average age was 24 years - answered interval scales. We performed structural equation modeling to test the proposed model. The results indicated: the suitability of the model; two groups of variables presenting positive relations in the in-group comparison and negative relations in the comparisons between groups. The first group showed the variables: Leftist ideas-forces, trust in social movements, evaluation of Dilma's administration, and evaluation of Leftist policies; the second: Rightist ideas-forces, trust in control institutions, trust in the media, evaluation of Temer's administration, and evaluation of Leftist policies. In conclusion, the institutional trust and ideological sympathies anchored the social representations of the Brazilian scenery for the studied university population.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo probar un modelo teórico explicativo de las representaciones sociales en el escenario sociopolítico brasileño de 2017 según las siguientes relaciones: las representaciones estarían directamente influenciadas por la confianza en las instituciones, y esta confianza, determinada por las simpatías ideológicas. Participaron en este estudio 164 estudiantes universitarios, con edad media de 24 años, quienes respondieron a escalas intervalares. Se llevaron a cabo modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para probar el modelo teórico propuesto. Los resultados indicaron: adecuación del modelo; dos grupos de variables que presentaban relaciones positivas entre las variables del mismo grupo y negativas en la comparación intergrupal. El primer grupo incluía las variables: ideas-fuerza de la izquierda, confianza en los movimientos sociales, evaluación del gobierno de Dilma y evaluación de las políticas de la izquierda; el segundo: ideas-fuerza de la derecha, confianza en las instituciones de control, confianza en los medios de comunicación, evaluación del gobierno Temer y evaluación de las políticas de la izquierda. Se concluyó que la confianza institucional y la simpatía ideológica funcionaron como fundamentos de las representaciones sociales del escenario político brasileño en la población universitaria estudiada.(AU)

Confianza y renuencia ante la vacuna contra la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) / Vaccine trust and reluctance against SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19)

Introducción: Las vacunas han sido uno de los inventos más relevantes en el ámbito de la salud pública, debido al poder que tienen de erradicar epidemias y prevenir complicaciones y muertes. Sin embargo, la renuencia ha predominado. Objetivo: evaluar la confianza y renuencia ante la vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) por parte de la población de las Salinas de Baní, provincia Peravia. Metodología: Paradigma positivista, de tipo descriptivo, observacional, prospectivo y de corte transversal. La población total fue de 708 personas adultas, residentes en la comunidad de las Salinas de Baní, con una muestra aleatoria de 170 pacientes. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un formulario (anexo #1) aplicado en el período agosto-septiembre 2021. Resultados: El 20.69% de la población confía en la vacuna; el nivel de confianza mayormente atribuido fue el nivel 10 con un 36.45%; el 46.52% de la población está conforme con su acerca de la vacuna; el grupo etario con mayor duda sobre aplicarse la vacuna es el de 21-29 años, y la religión no fue un factor influyente para vacunarse. Conclusiones: A pesar del rápido desarrollo e introducción de las vacunas contra la COVID-19, la mayoría de la población le atribuyen un alto nivel de confianza.

Background: Vaccines have been one of the most re-levant inventions in the field of public health, due to the power they have to eradicate epidemics and prevent complications and deaths. Despite this, reluctance and hesitation have prevailed. Objective: To evaluate the confidence and reluctance towards the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the population of Las Salinas of Baní, Peravia pro-vince. Methodology: This study is a positivist paradigm, des-criptive, observational, prospective, and cross-sectional. The total population was 708 adults, residing in the community of Salinas de Baní, with a random sample of 170 patients. The data were collected using a form (an-nex # 1) applied in the period August-September 2021. Results: 20.69% of the population trust the vaccine; the confidence level most attributed was level 10 with 36.45%; 46.52% of the population is satisfied with the level of knowledge they have about the vaccine; the age group with the greatest hesitancy about using the vac-cine is 21-29 years old, with 12.94% of the population and religion was not an influential factor in getting vac-cinated. Conclusións: Despite the rapid development and in-troduction of COVID-19 vaccines and not having enough information about them, the majority of this population attribute a high level of confidence to it.

Just World, Trust in Institutions and Socioeconomic and Political Moderations / Mundo Justo, Confiança nas Instituições e Moderações Socioeconômicas e Políticas

Abstract This study investigates the system justifying role through belief in a just world (BJW), testing whether institutional trust is related to this belief and whether this relationship depends on specific socioeconomic and political factors. A research with 381 university students, aged 18 to 64 years (M = 22.4, SD = 6.25), explored their BJW and their degree of institutional trust. Regression and moderation analyses revealed that BJW relates to institutional trust only in left-wing and with lower income participants. We believe this occurs because they need more an ideology that justifies the system to trust the institutions. This phenomenon can prevent these people from pursuing structural social changes since the system is now seen as fair.

Resumo Este estudo investiga o papel justificador do sistema através da crença no mundo justo (CMJ), testando se a confiança institucional está relacionada com essa crença e se esta relação depende de fatores socioeconômicos e políticos específicos. Uma pesquisa com 381 universitários, com idades de 18 a 64 anos (M = 22,4, DP = 6,25), explorou seus graus de CMJ e confiança institucional. Análises de regressão e moderação revelaram que a CMJ se relaciona com a confiança institucional apenas naqueles de esquerda e menores rendimentos. Acreditamos que isso ocorra porque estas pessoas precisam mais de uma ideologia justificadora do sistema para poder confiar nas instituições. Este fenômeno pode lhes indispor a buscar mudanças sociais estruturais, já que o sistema passa a ser visto como justo.

Effect of video on satisfaction and self-confidence in simulation training: a randomized clinical trial / Efecto del vídeo en la satisfacción y autoconfianza en el entrenamiento simulado: estudio clínico randomizado / Efeito do vídeo na satisfação e autoconfiança no treinamento por simulação: estudo clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the effect on satisfaction and self-confidence of undergraduate nursing students after using a validated bed bath video during the simulation. Methods: blinded parallel randomized clinical trial. Participants were allocated to the control group (simulation with tutor) or intervention (simulation with video). After the interventions, the Student Satisfaction and Self Confidence with Learning Scale was used to assess satisfaction and self-confidence. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials. Mann Whitney, Fisher Exact and Student t statistical tests were used. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: fifty eight students (30, control; and 28, intervention) were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding satisfaction (p=0.832) and self-confidence (p>0.999). Conclusions: satisfaction and self-confidence were similar between the groups, and the two strategies could be used in the simulated practice of bed bathing.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar efecto en la satisfacción y autoconfianza de estudiantes del curso de grado en Enfermería tras uso de video validado sobre baño en el lecho durante el simulado. Métodos: estudio clínico randomizado paralelo y ciego. Los participantes fueron ubicados en grupo control (simulado con tutor) o intervención (simulado con vídeo). Tras intervenciones, utilizado la Escala de Satisfacción de Estudiantes y Autoconfianza con el Aprendizaje para evaluar satisfacción y autoconfianza. El estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética y Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos. Utilizadas pruebas estadísticas Mann Whitney, Exacta de Fisher y t Student. Adoptado nivel de significación de 5%. Resultados: evaluados 58 estudiantes (30, control; y 28, intervención). No hubo diferencia significante entre los grupos cuanto a la satisfacción (p=0,832) y autoconfianza (p>0,999). Conclusiones: satisfacción y autoconfianza fueron similares entre los grupos, y las dos estratégias podrán ser utilizadas en la práctica simulada del baño en el lecho.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar o efeito na satisfação e autoconfiança de estudantes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem após uso de um vídeo validado sobre o banho no leito durante a simulação. Métodos: estudo clínico randomizado paralelo e cego. Os participantes foram alocados no grupo-controle (simulação com tutor) ou intervenção (simulação com vídeo). Após as intervenções, utilizou-se a Escala de Satisfação dos Estudantes e Autoconfiança com a Aprendizagem para avaliar a satisfação e autoconfiança. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos. Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos Mann Whitney, Exato de Fisher e t Student. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: avaliaram-se 58 estudantes (30, controle; e 28, intervenção). Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos quanto à satisfação (p=0,832) e autoconfiança (p>0,999). Conclusões: satisfação e autoconfiança foram similares entre os grupos, e as duas estratégias poderão ser utilizadas na prática simulada do banho no leito.

Effect of social trust on health information exchange in social network sites

Background: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the role of social trust in health information exchange on social network sites (SNSs). In the light of the confusion and panic about health information leading to and during the worldwide lockdown, in an attempt to control the spread and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the sharing of health information on SNS did not start during the COVID-19 lockdown, the concerns about health information interchange were highlighted during the lockdown. Objectives: This study investigates the nature of the association between health information exchange and social trust and how social trust has influenced health information exchange from 2005 to 2021. Method: In line with the purpose of the study, the researcher applied a systematic literature review to review conference articles, accredited journal articles and book chapters. The review process involved a rigorous procedure towards a definition of review protocol, extraction of articles, formulation of selection criteria and the review itself. Results: This study reveals a transactional interplay between the constructs of social trust (benevolence, integrity and competence) and social network site user roles (information seeker, information passer and information giver). Conclusion: In summary, the researcher argues that public health officials would benefit from setting up an SNS that proactively provides health information. The health information exchange experience should be designed in a way that takes into account how social trust can be used to moderate health information exchange in the SNS by different types.

Analysis of Ethical Dilemmas in the Practice of Informed Consent of Critical Care Physicians in a Region of Beijing / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To explore the ethical dilemmas faced by the critical care physicians in the process of practicing the right to informed consent in a region of Beijing. 【Methods:】 14 doctors in the critical care unit from 5 medical institutions in a certain region of Beijing were interviewed in depth face-to-face by qualitative research method. The data obtained were analyzed through coding, classification, and extraction of subjects. 【Results:】 The lack of trust in doctor-patient communication leads to the instrumentalization of the right to know. When the decision of family members is inconsistent with the patient’s right to life and health, doctors are faced with the dilemma of choice and its impact. 【Conclusions:】 Faced with such ethical dilemmas, it is suggested to rebuild doctor-patient trust through multiple measures, and make appropriate restrictions on the agent-executing of the right of informed consent.

Exploration on Cognitive Differences and Improvement Approaches of "Internet+" Doctor-patient Relationship from the Dual Perspective of Doctors and Patients / 中国医学伦理学

The multi-dimensional embedding of "Internet+" has led to new evolutions in the operating environment, service methods, interpersonal relationships. in the medical field, and promoted the transformation of the traditional face-to-face consultation and the physician-dominated interaction model. Based on the dual perspective of doctors and patients, taking the demands of stakeholders under "Internet+Medical" as entry point, this paper analyzed the dual impact of "Internet+" on the doctor-patient relationship and explored the reconstruction countermeasures of doctor-patient relationship under "Internet+". This paper found that the doctors’ cognition of "Internet+Medical" was not high, leading to the limited scope of service supply, patients had a low awareness of "Internet+Medical", resulting in a narrow range of service audiences, "Internet+Medical" helped to improve the accessibility of resources and had the possibility of increasing risks for both doctors and patients. In response, some countermeasures were proposed, including strengthening the government’s supervision and management to promote the online safe interaction and orderly communication between doctors and patients, strictly investigating the qualifications of doctors and information management on internet platforms to protect the legitimate rights and interests of both doctors and patients, cultivating doctors’ medical humanistic literacy to improve the non-technical communication relationship between doctors and patients, enhancing patients’ personal health literacy and maintaining appropriate expectations of doctors and services, adhering to the appropriate expectations of doctors and services, and urging the media to promote and report objectively and impartially to create a good atmosphere of mutual trust between doctors and patients.

Awareness of diabetes knowledge and its influencing factors among health examination population / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the awareness of diabetes knowledge among the health examination population and its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From september to november 2022, the subjects of six health examination centers located in six different cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Xiamen, Hangzhou) in China were investigated in the form of questionnaires to investigate the awareness of diabetes core information and the level of trust to different information sources of diabetes knowledge. According to the questionnaire results, the subjects were divided into a high awareness group of diabetes core information and a low awareness group. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of diabetes core information awareness; the t-test was used to compare the trust degree of the two groups to different information sources. Results:A total of 9 315 people were included in the six centers, including 4 932 men (52.90%) with an average age of (39.36±12.64) years and 4 383 women (47.10%) with a mean age of (37.47±11.85) years. Only 36% of the people had high awareness of diabetes core information; variables such as gender, age, education level, physical examination frequency in the past three years, package price of this physical examination, self-evaluation of diabetes knowledge, diabetes status, and city of residence were variables that affect the level of awareness of core information related to diabetes (all P<0.05). Compared with the low awareness group of diabetes core information, the high awareness group trusted professional medical staff ( t=-9.597, P<0.05) and community health promotion more ( t=-5.014, P<0.05), but did not trust the emerging popular science propaganda means, such as WeChat official accounts/WeChat groups/QQ groups, Internet web page, Tiktok/Kwai and other short video APPs. Conclusion:The awareness rate of diabetes knowledge among the health examination population is low, and it is affected by many factors; Health education on diabetes knowledge should be carried out for people undergoing physical examination.

LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

For an organization to remain successful, having the right leader is crucial. The best employers know how they can participate with their employees in order to achieve the organization's objectives. There are a lot of different leadership styles; among which are the autocratic, administrative, free economy, charismatic, democratic, cooperative, situational, functional, transformational, transactional, and relationship-oriented styles. Organizational Citizenship Behaviour is the criterion variable of the study. In today's world of competitive work environment OCB taking an important phenomenon at workplace, it is that behaviour of employees at work that is related to their extra work related activities for which employees not get any financial reward by the management. Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) as “discretionary and voluntary Behaviour being followed by formal reward system.” A modest attempt has been made to make survey of past studies related to leadership style and organizational citizenship behaviour

Rol del resentimiento en la reconciliación social: víctimas movilizadas en Colombia (2021) / Role of resentment in social reconciliation: Mobilisation of victims in Colombia (2021)

Resumen Introducción: diez años después de la implementación de la Ley 1448 de 2011 para la reparación integral de las víctimas en Colombia desarrollamos una investigación cuantitativa no experimental para explorar la interacción entre sentimientos hacia la reconciliación (coexistencia y reconstrucción de la confianza) y resentimiento duradero en víctimas del conflicto movilizadas colectivamente en escenarios de justicia transicional. Método: utilizamos datos de dos muestras de participantes de los departamentos de Caldas (N = 342) y Atlántico (N = 305). Resultados: confirmamos las escalas sobre sentimientos hacia la reconciliación y resentimiento duradero, cuya fiabilidad fue analizada mediante los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y omega. Posteriormente, realizamos un análisis de ecuación estructural y confirmamos las siguientes hipótesis: (1) las víctimas experimentan más sentimientos de coexistencia que sentimientos para la reconstrucción de confianza, y (2) el resentimiento duradero es un obstáculo para desarrollar sentimientos de reconciliación. Conclusiones: los participantes experimentan más sentimientos de coexistencia y confianza que resentimiento duradero; y la coexistencia permite canalizar el resentimiento duradero. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones considerables en el desarrollo de sentimientos hacia la reconciliación en escenarios de justicia transicional.

Abstract Introduction: Ten years after the implementation of Law 1448 of 2011 for the comprehensive reparation of victims in Colombia, we developed non-experimental quantitative research to explore the interaction between feelings towards reconciliation (coexistence and reconstruction of trust) and the lasting resentment in victims of the conflict mobilized collectively in transitional justice scenarios. Method: We used data from two samples of participants from the departments of Caldas (N = 342) and Atlántico (N = 305). Results: We confirmed the scales on feelings toward reconciliation and lasting resentment, whose reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and omega coefficients. Subsequently, we performed a structural equation analysis and confirmed the following hypotheses: (1) victims experience more feelings of co-existence than feelings for rebuilding trust, and (2) Lasting resentment is an obstacle to developing feelings towards reconciliation. Conclusions: We highlight that participants experience more feelings of coexistence and trust than they do lasting resentment; and that coexistence allows for the channeling of lasting resentment. These findings have considerable implications for the development of feelings towards reconciliation in transitional justice settings.

Knowledge about genetics and trust in genetic testing in a mid-size city in Argentina / Conocimiento sobre genética y confianza en pruebas genéticas en una ciudad de tamaño medio en Argentina

ABSTRACT Public attitudes about genetics appear to depend on the local context. We analyzed survey responses obtained in 2015 from 293 residents of Luján, a city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, who self-assessed their knowledge about genetics and their trust in genetic tests. The survey integrated a larger research project for which consenting adult participants shared demographic and genealogical information and provided saliva samples for genetic ancestry analyses. Participants reported little knowledge but high trust in genetic testing when questioned about knowledge and trust. Well-known media stories of DNA-based forensic genetic investigations to identify the victims of state repression during the military dictatorship may have contributed to the high self-assessment of their genetic knowledge expressed by some participants, regardless of educational attainment. Our analysis provides information that could be used as a baseline to begin unraveling the current level of public trust in genetics in a region of the Global South where genetic testing has become widespread, but people's knowledge of and trust in genetics remain poorly studied.

RESUMEN Las actitudes del público sobre la genética parecen depender del contexto local. Analizamos las respuestas de una encuesta suministrada en 2015 a 293 residentes de Luján, una ciudad de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, quienes autoevaluaron su conocimiento sobre genética y su confianza en las pruebas genéticas. La encuesta integraba un proyecto de investigación más amplio en el que los adultos participantes que dieron su consentimiento compartieron información demográfica y genealógica y proporcionaron muestras de saliva para un estudio de ancestría genética. Cuando se les preguntó sobre su conocimiento y confianza, los participantes informaron tener poco conocimiento sobre genética, pero mucha confianza en las pruebas genéticas. Historias muy conocidas de los medios de comunicación sobre investigaciones genéticas forenses basadas en el ADN para identificar a las víctimas de la represión estatal durante la dictadura militar pueden haber contribuido a la alta autoevaluación del propio conocimiento genético manifestado por algunos participantes, independientemente de su nivel educativo. Nuestro análisis proporciona información que podría utilizarse como base para comenzar a desentrañar los niveles actuales de confianza pública en la genética en una región del Sur Global donde las pruebas genéticas se han generalizado, pero el conocimiento y confianza de las personas sobre genética están poco estudiados.

Affect and cognition as antecedents of patients' trust in the dentist: cross-sectional study

Aim: to evaluate the association of the patients' perception about dentist's affect and cognition on trust and, consequently, on intention to return and patient satisfaction with life. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in patients' adults and elderly at of two dentistry clinics in the south of Brazil. Patients had to have a previous relationship with the dentist (at least one previous consult) and 18 years of age or older. The data were collected through self-administrated questionnaire using measures adapted from other research, using structural equation modeling. We test using a chi-square difference test (p-value<0,05). Results: The mean age of the 197 patients was 37.0 years (σ = 15.5). The affect perceived by the patient at the dentist had a positive effect (ß = .53) on the trust that the patient develops in relation to the dentist. The same is true for the effect of the rational or cognitive aspects perceived by the patient at the dentist (ß = .41). The trust positively influences the patient's intention to return to that dentist (ß = .82). In addition, the intention to return to the dentist positively influences the patient's satisfaction with life (ß = .49). Conclusions: Affective and cognitive aspects positively influenced the patient's trust in the dentist. The greater the patient's trust in the dentist, the greater the intention to return to that dentist. Furthermore, a good relationship with the dentist improve the patient's satisfaction with life

Perceived coronavirus health risk associated with students' life satisfaction: the role of trust in government policies / Risco de saúde percebido do coronavírus associado à satisfação de vida dos estudantes: o papel da confiança nas políticas governamentais

Abstract This study investigates whether trust in government policies has a mediation effect between the students' perception of COVID-19 health risk and their life satisfaction. In order to test the mediation effect, this study utilizes data collected from undergraduate students at Tecnológico de Monterrey in Mexico by means of online survey. The survey yielded 95 usable data out of 97. The valid results were tested via generalized linear model (GLM) Mediation approach for the mediation. Empirical findings of Delta method affirm the mediation (estimate = 0.4445, β = 0.474, z = 3.699, p < .001) role of trust in government as a mediator between students' perception of COVID-19 health risk and their life satisfaction. In other words, Mexican undergraduate students are of the view that trusting government plays a crucial role as a mediator between their perception of coronavirus health risk and life satisfaction. These findings may guide the governments' policy making efforts and motivate them to support their initiatives with trust-building efforts.

Resumo Este estudo investiga se a confiança nas políticas governamentais tem um efeito de mediação na percepção dos estudantes sobre o risco de saúde da COVID-19 e a satisfação de vida. A fim de testar o efeito de mediação, o estudo utiliza dados recolhidos de estudantes universitários do Tecnológico de Monterrey, no México. O inquérito produziu 95 dados utilizáveis de um total de 97. Os resultados válidos foram testados por meio da abordagem de mediação do modelo linear generalizado (GLM). Os resultados empíricos do método Delta afirmam (estimativa = 0,4445, β = 0,474, z = 3,699, p < .001) o papel de confiança no governo como mediador entre a percepção dos estudantes sobre o risco de saúde da COVID-19 e sua satisfação de vida. Em outras palavras, para os estudantes de graduação mexicanos a confiança no governo desempenha papel crucial como mediador entre suas percepções sobre o risco de saúde do coronavírus e a satisfação de vida. As conclusões do estudo podem orientar os esforços dos governos na elaboração de políticas e motivá-los a apoiar iniciativas de criação de confiança.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Confianza Diádica en personas gays y lesbianas en pareja / Psychometric Properties of the Dyadic Trust Scale in Gay and Lesbian People with a Partner

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Confianza Diádica (ECD, Larzelere & Huston, 1980) en personas gays y lesbianas de Chile. Para ello, se evaluó una muestra de 360 personas chilenas gay o lesbianas involucradas en una relación de pareja. Los datos obtenidos proporcionan evidencia de que el instrumento se ajusta de manera aceptable a una estructura unidimensional y que es invariante entre personas gay y lesbianas. Adicionalmente, se identificó que posee una consistencia interna adecuada, así como una asociación inversa entre los niveles de confianza diádica y la ansiedad y evitación del apego. En conclusión, la ECD posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la evaluación de la confianza diádica en personas gays y lesbianas en el contexto chileno.

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chilean version of the Dyadic Trust Scale (DTS, Larzelere & Huston, 1980). For this purpose, a sample of 360 Chilean gay or lesbian people involved in a couple relationship was evaluated. The data obtained provide evidence that the instrument conforms acceptably to a unidimensional structure and scores are invariant between gay and lesbian persons. Additionally, it has adequate internal consistency, as well as an inverse association between levels of dyadic trust and attachment anxiety and avoidance. In conclusion, the ECD has adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of dyadic trust in gay and lesbian persons in the Chilean context.

Adoção do governo eletrônico: um estudo sobre o papel da confiança / Adopción del gobierno electrónico: un estudio sobre el papel de la confianza / Adoption of e-government: a study on the role of trust

Resumo O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência da confiança e da confiabilidade na intenção de adoção e uso de serviços eletrônicos do governo (e-gov). Para isso, foi proposto um modelo estrutural, considerando o relacionamento dos constructos Capacidade, Benevolência, Integridade, Experiência, Risco Percebido, Confiança no Governo e Disposição para Confiar. O modelo foi testado por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais (mínimos quadrados parciais). A coleta de dados ocorreu por intermédio de questionário na internet composto por 36 itens com escalas do tipo Likert de 11 pontos para os constructos presentes no modelo. Depois da primeira rodada de análise, foi proposto um modelo alternativo com melhor ajuste. Neste, observou-se que: 1) Capacidade, Benevolência e Integridade juntos influenciam positivamente a Confiança no Governo; 2) Confiança no Governo e Confiança na Internet influenciam positivamente a Confiança no e-gov; 3) Confiança no e-gov influencia negativamente o Risco Percebido e positivamente a Intenção de Uso de e-gov; e 5) Risco Percebido influencia negativamente a Intenção de Uso de e-gov. Considerando os resultados da pesquisa, conforme as agências governamentais aumentam os gastos para implementar e manter iniciativas de e-gov, é imprescindível que também reconheçam e tratem de questões associadas à confiança.

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de la confianza y la fiabilidad en la intención de adoptar y utilizar los servicios de gobierno electrónico (e-gov). Para ello, se propuso un modelo estructural, considerando la relación de los constructos capacidad, benevolencia, integridad, experiencia, riesgo percibido, confianza en el Gobierno y disposición a confiar. El modelo se probó utilizando el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (mínimos cuadrados parciales). La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario de Internet que consta de 36 ítems con escalas Likert de 11 puntos para los constructos presentes en el modelo. Después de la primera ronda de análisis, se propuso un modelo alternativo con un mejor ajuste. En este último, se observó que: 1) capacidad, benevolencia e integridad, en conjunto, influyen positivamente en la confianza en el Gobierno; 2) La confianza en el Gobierno y la confianza en Internet influyen positivamente en la confianza en el e-gov; 3) La confianza en el gobierno electrónico influye negativamente en el riesgo percibido y positivamente en la intención de usar el gobierno electrónico y; 5) El riesgo percibido influye negativamente en la intención de usar el e-gov. Dados los resultados de la encuesta, a medida que las agencias gubernamentales aumentan el gasto para implementar y mantener iniciativas de gobierno electrónico, es imperativo que también reconozcan y aborden los problemas asociados con la confianza.

Abstract This study analyzed the influence of trust and trustworthiness on the intention to adopt and use e-government services. A structural model was proposed, considering the relationship among Ability, Benevolence, Integrity, Perceived Risk, Trust of the Government, Trust of the Internet and Disposition to Trust. The model was tested through structural equation modeling (partial least square method). An online questionnaire was applied, including 36 items for all the constructs presented in the model, and measured with 11-point Likert scales. After the first round of analysis, an alternative model was proposed with a better fit. Results indicated that: 1) Ability, Benevolence, and Integrity, together, positively influence Trust of the Government; 2) Trust of the Government and Trust of the Internet positively influence Trust in e-Government; 3) Trust in e-Government negatively influences Perceived Risk and positively influences Intention to Use and; 5) Perceived Risk negatively influences Intention to Use. Considering the results of this research, as government agencies increase their expenditure to implement and maintain e-gov initiatives, they must recognize and deal with trust-related issues.